Support services for children, youth and the elderly
Managing institutions and programmes for different age groups.
The essentials
Some children, youth and older persons need extra support because of poverty, illness, disability, abandonment, abuse or loss of family. Governments and NGOs run institutions and programmes to protect them and help them develop. Wherever possible, care in a family setting is preferred over large institutions.
Managing such services involves planning goals, arranging funds and space, recruiting and training staff, directing daily work, keeping records, networking with other agencies, and regular evaluation.
Key points
- Children in difficult circumstances: orphaned, abandoned, street children, child labourers, children with disabilities, victims of abuse.
- Adoption: a child legally becomes a permanent member of a new family.
- Foster care: a child lives temporarily with another family while the birth family cannot care for the child.
- SOS Children's Villages: family-like homes where a "mother" brings up a group of children.
- Childline 1098: a free 24-hour phone helpline for children in distress.
- Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015: governs care of children in need of care and protection and children in conflict with the law.
- Youth: National Service Scheme (NSS), Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathan, skill development and vocational training, counselling and sports.
- Elderly (60 years and above in India): old-age homes, day-care centres, health and pension schemes, helplines; the Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act, 2007 makes children responsible for maintaining their parents.
- Needs of the elderly: health care, economic security, companionship, respect, active engagement.
Exam tips
Distinguish adoption (permanent, legal) from foster care (temporary). Learn which service fits which age group.
Common mistakes
Thinking institutional care is always the best option; family-based care is preferred where possible.