Self and Personality
Unit 2. Covers Self; Approaches to personality; Assessment of personality.
About this unit
This unit deals with how people understand themselves and why they behave consistently in their own distinctive ways. It covers the concept of self, self-esteem, self-efficacy and self-regulation, cultural views of self, the major approaches to personality and the methods used to assess personality. These ideas help explain classroom behaviour, motivation and adjustment.
Key ideas
- Self: personal identity and social identity; personal, social and relational self.
- Self-esteem, self-efficacy (Bandura) and self-regulation, including self-control techniques.
- Type approaches: Hippocrates, Charaka Samhita, trigunas, Sheldon, Jung, Type A and Type B.
- Trait approaches: Allport, Cattell, Eysenck and the Big Five.
- Psychodynamic (Freud and post-Freudians), behavioural, cultural and humanistic (Rogers, Maslow) approaches.
- Assessment: self-report inventories, projective techniques and behavioural analysis.
How to prepare
- Make a chart linking each theorist to key terms (id, ego, superego; cardinal, central, secondary traits; OCEAN).
- Learn the defence mechanisms with one everyday example each.
- Expect situation-based questions asking which approach, trait or test is being described.
Topics in this chapter
Self
Concept of self; self-esteem, self-efficacy and self-regulation; culture and self.
5 questionsApproaches to personality
Type, trait, psychodynamic, behavioural, cultural and humanistic approaches.
5 questionsAssessment of personality
Self-report measures, projective techniques and behavioural analysis.
5 questionsPractice questions
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