National curriculum frameworks

NCF for the Foundational Stage (NCF-FS), 2022

For children aged 3–8. Emphasises play-based learning, development across physical, socio-emotional, cognitive, language and literacy, and aesthetic domains, and the use of toys, stories and conversations. It draws on the Indian idea of panchakosha (the five layers of development).

NCF for School Education (NCF-SE), 2023

For Grades 3 to 12. Competency-based learning, reduced content load, multilingualism, integration of arts, sports and vocational education, flexible subject choice in secondary school, and board exams that test understanding rather than memorisation, with the option to take them twice a year.